Before concluding this series and passing on to further studies dealing with
the destinies of the saved and unsaved, heaven and earth, and the Scriptures
pertaining to these great themes, we feel that a summary of our findings will
be of service.
It will be remembered that certain words have been
considered with regard to
their primary etymological meaning, their secondary or figurative meaning, and
their usage. We now provide a concordance to the subject, giving as full
particulars as is possible in the limited space. For the arguments, &c., the
reader is referred to the various pages of the magazine given in the last
column [BTR ed. note: I had to abandon the column format].
Nephesh (Hebrew) occurs 754 times. A.V. translations: 472 -- "soul", 119 --
"life", remainder -- 43 different words. Usage references: Gen.
i.20,21,24,20; ii.7,19; vii.21,22; 1 Cor. xv.44-47. Meaning as discovered by
these considerations: Soul. -- Possessed by every living creature, every
thing that breatheth. Adam the living soul was of the earth, earthy. Not an
equivalent to spirit or spiritual. Reference: Vol. i. pp. 77-82.
Olam (Hebrew) occurs 434 times (including combinations).
A.V. translations:
267 -- "ever", 56 -- "everlasting", "world", "old time", etc. Usage
references: Used of God -- Psa. xli.13; cii.17. Used of man -- Gen vi.4; Ex.
xxi.5,6; Josh. xxiv.2; 1 Sam. i.22; Ps. xc.8; Ecc. xii.14;
Isa. xxxii.14;
lxiv.4. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Something hidden or
secret. A period of undefined limits, having a beginning and an end, but not
necessarily within the knowledge of man. Reference: Vol.
i. pp. 90-93.
Abad (Hebrew) occurs 185 times. A.V. translations: 79 -- "perish", 63 --
"destroy", "destruction". Usage references: Numb. xvi.33; Deut. xii.2,3;
Esther iv.16; Ps. xxxvii.20; Rev. ix.11. Meaning as discovered by these
considerations: To perish. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 8-12.
Shamad (Hebrew) occurs 92 times. A.V. translations: 66 -- "destroy", 19 --
"be destroyed". Usage references: Deut. ix.3,14; Ps. cxlv.20; Amos. ix.8.
Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To destroy. Reference: Vol.
ii. pp. 12,13.
Tsamath (Hebrew) occurs 16 times. A.V. translations: 8 -- "cut off", 5 --
"destroy". Usage references: Lev. xxv.23,30 (margin); 2 Sam. xxii.41,43; Ps.
xciv.23. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To be deprived of
being, existence, identity, or relationship. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 41-43.
Karath (Hebrew) occurs 286 times. A.V. translations: 88 -- "cut off", 59 --
"to be cut off", 84 -- "to make a covenant". Usage references: Gen. ix.11;
Exod. xii.15; Ps. xxxvii.38; Dan.ix.26. Meaning as discovered by these
considerations: To cut off, as in demise, or as in felling a tree. Reference:
Vol. ii. pp. 43-45.
Kalah (Hebrew) occurs 188 times. A.V. translations: 60 -- "to consume", "be
consumed", "consume away". Usage references: Gen. ii.2; xvii.22; Ps. lix.13;
Isa. x.22; Zeph. 1.18. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To
consume, to bring to a complete end. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 90,91.
Nathats (Hebrew) occurs 42 times. A.V. translations: 22 -- "break down", 5 -
- "destroy". Usage references: Exod. xxxiv.13; Lev. xiv.45; Ps. lii.5.
Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Destroy, demolish, break down.
Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 91,92.
Muth (Hebrew) occurs 742 times. A.V. translations: 420 -- "to die", 60 --
"to put to death", 57 -- "put to death". Usage references: Gen. ii.17; v.5;
Exod. xxi.12; Ezek. xviii.4. Meaning as discovered by these considerations:
Death, used of man and of animals. Reference: Vol. ii. pp. 92-94.
Sheol (Hebrew) occurs 65 times. A.V. translations: 31 -- "grave", 31 --
"hell", 3 -- "pit". Usage references: Gen. xxxvii.35; Job xiv.13; Ps. ix.17;
xvi.9,10; Hos. xiii.14. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: THE
grave (not so much A grave). Reference: Vol. iii. pp. 31-35.
Apollumi (Greek) occurs 92 times. A.V. translations: 23 -- "destroy", 33 --
"perish", 10 -- "be lost". Usage references: Matt. x.28; Luke vi.9; John
iii.16; 1 Cor. xv.18; Heb. i.11; xi.31; Rev. ix.11. Meaning as discovered by
these considerations: To destroy utterly. Reference: Vol. iii. pp. 84-85.
Apoleia (Greek) occurs 20 times. A.V. translations: 5 -- "destruction", 8 --
"perdition". Usage references: Matt. vii.13,14; John xvii.12; Phil. i.28;
iii.19; 1 Tim. vi.9; 2 Peter ii.1-3. Meaning as discovered by these
considerations: Destruction. Reference: Vol. iii. pp. 88-90.
Olethros (Greek) occurs 4 times. A.V. translations: 4 -- "destruction".
Usage references: 1 Cor. v.5; 1 Thess. v.3; 2 Thess. 1.9; 1 Tim. vi.9.
Meaning as discovered by these considerations: Destruction. Reference: Vol.
iv. pp. 8-10.
Olothreuo (Greek) occurs 1 time. A.V. translations: 1 -- "destroyer". Usage
references: Heb. xi.28. Meaning as discovered by these considerations:
Destroyer. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 10. Olothreutes (Greek) occurs 1 time.
A.V. translations: 1 -- "destroyer".
Usage references: 1 Cor. x.10. Meaning as discovered by these considerations:
To destroy. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 10.
Kolasis (Greek) occurs 2 times. A.V. translations: 1 -- "punishment", 1 --
"torment". Usage references: Matt. xxv.46; 1 John iv.18. Meaning as
discovered by these considerations: To cut off. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 10.
Kakouchoumenos (Greek) occurs 2 times. A.V. translations: 1 -- "tormented",
1 -- "suffer adversity". Usage references: Heb. xi.37; xiii.3. Meaning as
discovered by these considerations: To suffer ill-usage. Reference: Vol. iv.
pp. 10.
Odunomai (Greek) occurs 4 times. A.V. translations: 2 -- "be tormented", 2 -
- "sorrow". Usage references: Luke ii.48; xvi.24,25; Acts xx.38. Meaning as
discovered by these considerations: Deep sorrow. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11.
Basanizo (Greek) occurs 12 times. A.V. translations: 8 -- "torment". Usage
references: Mark v.7. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To try,
and then test, examine by torture. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11,12.
Basanistes (Greek) occurs 1 time. A.V. translations: 1 -- "tormentor". Usage
references: Matt. xviii.34. Meaning as discovered by these considerations:
To try, and then test, examine by torture. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11,12.
Basanos (Greek) occurs 3 times. A.V. translations: 3 -- "torment". Usage
references: Luke xvi.23. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To
try, and then test, examine by torture. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11,12.
Basanismos (Greek) occurs 5 times. A.V. translations: 5 -- "torment". Usage
references: Rev. xiv.11. Meaning as discovered by these considerations: To
try, and then test, examine by torture. Reference: Vol. iv. pp. 11,12.
The primary question before us throughout this series was, What does Scripture
teach regarding the wages of sin? And as a secondary consideration, How dies
the doctrine of eternal conscious suffering appear in the light of HolyScripture? The investigations, summarized in this article, provide a complete
answer to THAT question. Surely we need never fear, nor apologize for holding
a doctrine as truth, if we have examined every word used by God Himself upon
the subject. We call our readers to witness that we have
not frittered away
valuable time nor space with mere negations, nor with profitless controversy
over other men's opinions; we have gone to the fountain head, and by the
evidence adduced we abide.
Eternal conscious suffering is not the wages of sin. Scripture declares that
death, destruction, and perishing, preceded by more or less suffering, is the
wages of sin. It must be kept in mind, however, that while we have negatived
the idea of eternal conscious suffering, there lies before us much that
requires patient and prayerful investigation. We have to consider who are
involved, how far it applies to all whom we call "unsaved," and whether it
obtains for the ages, or for eternity. The passages which deal with the
reconciliation of all, the ransom for all, the mercy that
endureth, and the
wrath for a little while, demand our most earnest attention. Our only safe
course is to continue searching into what God has said, searching out the very
words of inspiration, and trusting that He will abundantly fulfill the promise
of the words, "the entrance the Thy Word giveth light," or as one has
suggested as an alternative rendering, "Thy words enter, light is given."
